johnson



(No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet 1. F. A. JOHNSON.

LINOTYPE MAGHINE.

No. 584 3163., Patented June 15, 1897.

Tm: NORRIS mas co. minimums" wAsmNnTcm. p. z;

(No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheen 2.

P. A. JOHNSON.

LINOTYFE MACHINE.

No. 584,368. atented June 15,1897.

(No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet 3.

P. A. JOHNSON.

LINOTYPE MACHINE.

No. 584,363. Patented June'15, 1897.

Fly-3 m: Nonms Psrms ca, vno'zo-umo wAsHmoTom 0112.:

(No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet 4.

P. AfJOHNSON. LINOTYPE MAGHINE.

No. 584,363. Patented June 15,1897.

Nd-model.

15 Sheets-Sheet 5. F. A. JOHNSON.

LINOTYPE MACHINE.

atented June 15,18

m: NuRRls Ptrcns on. Pnmuumu, WASNINGTDN. w. c.

(N-o Modem i5 Sheets-Sheet 6 P. A. JOHNSON. LINOTYPE MACHINE.

Patented June 15, 1897 Maw m: NORRIS Pawns m, PHOYOVUTHOY, wAsmNGTou, n, c.

' (No Model.) 15 ShBGtS-.Sheet 8.

P. A. JOHNSON.

LINOTYPE MACHINE. N0. 584,363. Patented June 15, 1897.

Wtineawey. v/ v 4 Y m: uoams Pawns co, PMOTQLIYHQ, WASHINGTQN, v. c

(No Model.) l5 Sheets-Sheet 10. P. A. JOHNSON.

LINOTYPE MACHINE. No. 584,363. Patented June 15,1897.

I X l I l l I I l l l l I 11 new i I I m: NORRIS PETERS- co motouma. wnsnmm'cu. m c.

(No Model.) 15 SheetS- Sheet 11. P A JOHNSON LINOTYPE MACHINE.

Patented June 15,1897. 12 26.

Wei mam a Z6 46% A fl v Qkzfl/wwbg (No Model.) I

P, A. JOHNSON. LINOTY'PB MAGHINE.

15 Sheets- Sheet 112.

Paitented June 15. 1897.

Tm: moans PiI'CRS so. wnorouma. WASHINGTON D c (No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet 13. F. A. JOHNSON.

LINOTYPE MACHINE.

m: nonms PETERS co., Womuma, wl-sumcmu. n. c

(No Model.) 15 Sheets- Sheet 14.

F. A. JOHNSON.

LINOTYPE MACHINE. No. 584,363. Patented June 15, 1897.

(No Model.) 15 sheets sheet 15.

F. A. JOHNSON.

LINOTYPE MACHINE. -No. 584,363. Patented June 15,1897,

JLy f 3.

UNTTE STATES PATENT FMCE;

FRANK AMOS JOHNSON, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOR TO THE TAOHYTYPE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

LlNOTYPE-IVIACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 584,363, dated June 15, 1897. Application filed April 25,1892. Renewed May 17, 1897. Serial No. 637,001. (No model.)

To 60% whom zit may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRANK AMOs JOHNSON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepin, State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Linotype-Machines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My inventions relate to linotype-machines, and have for their object to provide a ma chine of increased efficiency for this purpose.

The product of my machine is a justified linotype which is cast from a justified-line matrix.

The inventions involved are in the same line as the inventions set forth, described, and claimed in my former United States patent, issued to me of date November 17,1891, under No. 463,388, entitled Matrix-making and stereotyping machine. Many of the foundation principles of construction as described and broadly claimed in the said form er patent are employed in the machine herein shown and described. The principle of preliminary representation by means of a dummy or mechanical line, the parts of which are prearrangeable for the entire desired line, to determine the selection of the dies and the spacing of the same, and the use of a double or duplicate set of dummies, so as to insure a continuous operation at the keyboard, is practically the same in both machines. Instead, however, of calling the particular dummy, the parts of which are set directly from the keyboard, setting-slides and the frame supporting the same the slide-frame, the corresponding feature of this machine is called the duplicate dummy, while the word dummy or dummy proper will be applied, as in the said former patent, to designate. the particular dummy which travels and directly controls the selection of the dies and the spacing of the same.

The casting mechanism and the matrixholder, with the exception of certain improvements in details, are substantially the same as in the former patent.

The matrix material employed is a strip of lead covered with a facing of copper, as described and claimed in m y United States Letters Patent, numbered 8,333, issued of date July 5, 1892.

The machine herein shown and described, however, involves many radical points of departure over the machine set forth in my former patent. The particular features of nov- 1 city will appear in the detailed description and be especially defined in the claims. It may be noted at this point, however, that while the machine herein shown and clescribed is organized for the production of linotypes some of the invent-ions involved are capable of use in type-setting machines and in type-writers, and certain of the inventions involved are capable of other additional uses throughout the arts wherever it is necessary to make a large num ber of variable selections of desired things from a large series or multitude of things. 7

Inasmuch as the machine is somewhat intricate, it Will probably conduce to a more ready understanding of the same to briefly outline the principal features of its construction, taken as a whole, before proceeding to the detailed description.

First. The dies for producing the matrix are independent of each other, and are mounted-for axial movement on a corresponding series of independentlym ovable carriers,which are preferably in circular arrangement and are adapted to be thrown to the center of the circle as the common point of impression. The matrix material is immovably held on a movable in atrix-material holder,to which suitable feed movements are imparted to properly space the impressions from the dies. When at the impression-point, the dies stand in line with the plunger of a power-driven impression device and under a guiding-aperture of asuitable alinement and resistance plate over the aperture in which the matrix-material holder is fed. The die-stems are convex and the head of the impression-plunger is concave. The guiding-aperture in the resistanceplate is bell-mouthed and conforms in shape to the head of the die. \Vith this construction the dies are approximately alined at the impression -point by the carriers, and. are finally centered by the thrust of the plunger I00 and the said guiding-aperture in the resistanceplate, so as to secure an accurate and exact alinement of the impressions in the matrix material. By mounting the font of dies in this way, so that the individual dies areindependently movable for alinement at the impression-point, the parts may be made light and quick movements secured, similar in action to that of a type-writer.

Second. For operating the die-carriers to aline the dies a series of operating-rods or connections corresponding in number to the number of the die-carriers are provided and are so arranged that their terminals at one end are factored or arranged in groups, so as to permit the selection of any desired die by locating the selecting device in the group and in line with the desired terminal or operatin g-rod of the group. In the machine as shown the terminals of said rod form rows in two directions, and the selecting device is located for action on the proper terminal, as the resultant of two forces acting thereon from two different directions.

Third. For action on these terminals a selecting device in the form of a finger is provided, which is so constructed and mounted as to be capable of location for action on the terminal of an y of the said die-operatin g rods.

Fourth. This selecting-finger is located or positioned by a suitable placing mechanism, which constantly tends to throw the said finger to an extreme position, but is variably intercepted to locate the linger, as required, for action on the proper rod.

Fifth. The placing mechanism is controlled by the so-called dummy or mechanical line before noted. This dummy has a series of independently-movable pieces mounted 011 a common frame, sufficient in number for a line of a maximum length, which are prearrangeable in sets for the selection and spacing of the desired dies. As shown, the pieces or members of each of said sets are three in number, two of which members serve to control the selection of the die and may be called the selecting factors,and the third of which members serves to effect the spacing of the same and may be called the spacing member. In other words, the two die-selecting members correspond to the bifactored arrangement of the die operating rods and through the correspondingly-factored placing mechanism above noted serve to variably intercept or limit the movement of the same, so as to properly locate the selecting-finger. The third or spacing member of each set is used as a matter of convenience in this machine to control the feed of the matrix-material holder, so as to properly space the impressions of the dies and effect the normal spacing between words of the line. Of the two die-selecting factors, one is capable of being set on the dummy-frame in as many difcrent positions as there are rows (or groups) of die-operating-rod terminals, and the other is capable of being set in as many different positions as there are rods (or places for rods) in each row or group. Hence any set of selecting factors may be positioned on their supporting-frame so as to control the selection of any die. The spacing member of each of said sets takes as many different positions as there are diversities of feed movements. The dies vary in face from two to seven units. Hence there are six different lengths of feed movement, and thesaid spacing member takes six corresponding positions, according to the spacing required for the selected die or for the normal spacing of two units between words. It is obvious that any set of the dummy stops or pieces may be used for the selection of any die, depending upon the positions in which the members of the set may be placed.

Sixth. The parts or stops of the dummy proper are set in respect to each other on their supporting-frame by transfer from the duplicate dummy. This duplicate dummy corresponds in the number and arrangement of its parts to the dummy proper. The parts or pieces of the duplicate dummy are set directly from the keyboard, and the settings of the same for the entire line are transferred, by an instantaneous movement of the duplicate-dummys frame, to the stops of the dummy proper. This duplicate arrangement of dummies permits the dummy properto be at work controlling the matrix-making mechanism for a given line, while the duplicate dummy is being set from the keyboard by the next succeeding line. Hence the operation of the keyboard may be practically continuous.

Seventh. The parts of the duplicate dummy are set, as above stated, directly from the keys. This setting is effected by the cooperation with the keys of a setting-carriage having a set of three independently-movable pieces corresponding to the three members of the sets of pieces or stops on the dummies, a series of setting-slides having a corresponding number of striking-surfaces for action on the setting members of the carriage, and a power-driven setting-shaft under constant strain and under the control of an escapement-trip releasable. by the keys. The setting-slides are in number equal to all the characters represented on the keyboard, and any one of the same is made to act on all the setting members of the setting-carriage by a set of bail-blades which overlie all the settingslides and constitute the runways or supports for the factors of the setting-carriage. The feed movements of the setting-carriage to bring thesame in line with the successive sets of the duplicate-dummys pieces is effectedby the setting-shaft which controls the setting-slides under the action of the keys.

Eighth. The justification: Inasmuch as preliminary representation of the entire desired line, as indicated on the keyboard, is had .on the dummies, it is possible to effect justification of the matrix in various ways. In this machine, as shown and described, a supplemental feed device is provided which will vary the normal feed of the matrix-ma terial holder to vary the spacing between words, so as to justify the line, if such variation in the spacing be necessary. The variation, if any, is uniformly distributed among all-the spaces between all the words of the line. This supplemental feed mechanism and the devices for setting and controlling the same, taken collectively, are called the 'justiher. The active parts of the same are set indirectly from the letter-space indicator and a word-space rack or re ister controlled from the keyboard, and subsequently come into effect under the control of the dummy to effeet the variation in the feed of the matrixmaterial holder, if necessary, to justify the line.

Ninth. The castingmechanism is run in conjunction withthe matrix-making mechanism and operates to cast a line of type from a previously-made matrix, while the matrixmaking mechanism is operating, under the control of the dummy, to produce a matrix of a succeeding line.

Tenth. All the parts of the matrix-making mechanism which are heavy and would require any material loss of time in starting and stopping are kept in constant motion from a constantly-running power-shaft properly timed with respect to each other and the feed movements of the dummy, ready to act when the latter is thrown into action. This fact, together with the fact that the dies are independent and alineable at the impressionpoint by independently-movable carriers of light weight, permits the matrix making mechanism to be runat a uniform and comparatively high rate of speed, effecting acousiderable saving in time.

From the foregoing statements it will be seen that the machine herein shown and described involves three distinct sets of cooperating mechanisms, to wit:

First. The primary setting devices, from the keyboard to the duplicate dummy inclusive, by means of which the parts of. the dummy proper are positioned or set with reference to each other for the selected line, so as to control the selection and the spacing of the dies. These primary devices also set the active parts of the justifier.

Second. The matrix-mahing mechanism, from the dummy proper to the justifier inelusive.

Third. The casting mechanism and parts directly cooperating therewith.

In'the detailed description which will fol low these mechanisms will be described sub stantially in the foregoing order, and their parts will be taken up andspecified as nearly as is practicable in the order of their operaiion.

Preliminary View of the General Operation.

statedas follows: The operator manipulates the keyboard exactly as inian ordinary type: writer. This results in positioning or'settin g the parts of the duplicate dummy and also in setting the letter space indicator and the word-space rack or register, sothat they will subsequently come into effect to set the other or active parts of the justifier. Fromithe let:- ter-spaceindicator the operator can see where he must stop or break his line.

dummy was raised and immediately returned: to its normal position, thereby restoring all the parts of the primary setting devicesinto their respective normal positions readyxfor use for another line, Hence thGOPGI'FLhORCELH then im mediately'go forward'on the keyboard selecting the next line. the return of the-duplicate dummy to its .nor

mal position. the dummy proper wasstarted on its travelby the auxiliary movement-shaft Thereafter it is fed towar.d:theleft by a step? by-step motion, bringing. all thetsetsof: its stops whichhave been positioned for use on the given line into action on the placing mechanism, and thereby controllingthe alinein ent and impression of thedies and the feed.

of the matrix-material; holder, so. as to pro.'

duce a justified matrix. WVhenallthestops of the dummy which were set? for use have done their work, the matrixrmaking.mechanr ism is automaticallyrendered inoperative to produce any further impression and imme-. diately thereafter the dummy isreleased and returned to its normal position.. Coincidently with or before the return of the dummy proper all theparts of the matrixmaterial feeding mechanism, including. the active or set parts of: the justifier, are return edt'o their. normal position.

Oontemporaneously with the operation of the matrix-making mechanism, under the control. of the dummy, the casting mechanism was at Work producingaeast or linotype from a previously-made matrix. Duringthe same time an automatic fillingdevice was at work loading an empty matrix-holder witha new strip of matrix material. having been completed, the auxiliary movement-shaft was automatically thrown out of gear with the constantly running powershaft. B y this time the operator at the keyboardshould have indicated or nearly indicated the next line and be about ready to again touch the starting-key. \Vhenthis occurs, the druinwhich carries the matrix-inaterial holders is given a quarter-turn, thereby bringing a holder with a new stripiof ma.- trix material to the impression-point, alining the matrix of the previously-made line with He then touches the startingg-key, thereby throwing Coincidently with.

These functions all.

from the duplicate dummy to the dummy proper, under the action of the auxiliary movement-shat t, for the next succeeding-line.

Detailed description-J11 the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation, and Fig. 2 a plan view, of the entire machine. Directions will be taken with reference to these two figures from the position of an observer facing the front of the machine. Fig.

3 is a left end elevation of the machine, some parts being shown in section. Fig. 4 is a cross-section from front to rear through the bed-plate, slightly to the left of the keyboard, illustrating the trip mechanism for controlling the setting-shaft from the keys. Fig. 5 is a detail in section on the line f X of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a vertical section of the machine, taken from right to left, approximately on the line X X of Fig. 2, with some of the supporting parts removed, looking from the front. Fi 7 is a vertical section, taken from front to rear, approximately on the irregular line X X of Fig. 1, looking from the right. Fig. 8 is a detail in elevation, looking from the rear, showing the setting-carriage and some of its immediately-connected parts. Fig. 9 is a.right end elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 8 with some parts broken away. Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the setting-carriage, taken on the line X X of Fig. 8. Fig. 11 is a detail in horizontal section showing the devices for shifting the key-rods to change from lower to upper case letters. Fig. 12 is a rear elevation of the right half of the machine, some parts being broken away and other parts being shown in diagram. Fig. 13 is a sectional view, and Figs. 14 and 15 are views in plan, illustrating the selectingfinger and its immediately-connected parts. Fig. 16 is a side elevation, and Fig. 17 a plan view, of the selecting-finger detached. Fig. 18 is a horizontal section through the central part of the machine, approximately on the irregular line X X of Fig. 7. Fig. 19 is an enlarged view, in vertical section, on the line X X of Fig. 18, illustrating the action of the dummy on the placing and feeding mechanism. Fig. 20 is a plan View of the same. Fig. 21 is a sectional view from front to rear, looking from the left,illustrating a part of the matrix-material-feeding devices. Fig. 22 is a plan view, and Fig. 23 an end view, of one of the matrix-material holders detached. Figs. 24 and 25 illustrate in plan and cross-section, respectively, one of the matrix-strips detached. Fig. 26 is a front view of a part of the justifier, some portions of the same being shown in section. Fig. 27 is a rearyiew of the same, some of the parts being shown in section and others broken away. Fig. 28 is a section on the line X X of Fig. 26, looking from the right, after the parts have been set and taken their initial. movement. Fig. 29 is a detail of a trip device used as part of the mechanism shown in Figs. 26, 27, and 28. Fig. 30 is a vertical section taken from the left toward the right through the casting mechanism and a part of the matrixmaking mechanism,approximately on the line X X of Fig. 2, looking from the front. Fig. 31 is aviewin vertical section approximately on the line X X of Fig. 1, looking from' the left, some of the parts being shown in diagram only and others removed. Fig. 32 is a top plan view of the lower guide rail or plate, and Fig. a bottom plan view of the upper guide rail or plate, constituting together the runway for the mold. Fig. 34 is a bottom plan view of the mold detached. Fig. 35 is a side elevation of the mold, looking from the right; and Fig. 36 is a cross-section of the same on the line X X of Fig. 35. Fig. 37 is a detail in front elevation illustrating atrip device used in connection with the matrixdrum and the m old-driving mechanism. Fig. 38 is a detail, partly in front elevation and partly in section, illustrating the devices for ejecting the linotype. Fig. 39 is a view in right side elevation of the device for receiving the ejected linotype and delivering the same to the galley. Figs. 40 and 41 are views in plan and side elevation showing the construction for holding the die from turning in its socket. Fig. 42 is a perspective view showing the product of the machine. Fig. 43 is a bottom plan of the matrix-carrying drum and the anvil-block, illustrating the bell-mouthed alining-channel into which the matrix-material holder moves when at the point of impression. Fig. 44 is a detail showing a pair of the setting-slides in side elevation and showing the bails on which the striking-surfaces of the said slides act for illustrating the variable action of the different slides.

Classification of referen celezfters, For convenience the following classification of reference-letters will be observed, to wit: a and its powers, a a &c., will be used to denote the framework; Z7 and its powers for the main shaft, &c., c and its powers for the auxiliary movement-shaft, dtc. cl and its powers for the primary setting devices, f and its powers for the matrix making mechanism, g and its powers for the justitier, and 7t and its powers for the casting mechanism. y denotes the matrix material. 2 denotes the product of the machine.

It may also be premised that the primary setting devices are located chiefly to the right of the center, that the matrix-making mechanism is for the most part located near the center, and the casting mechanism to the left of the center of the machine.

lllain frame.-The main frame comprises a horizontal table or bed-plate a, supportinglegs a; a two-part central support a fixed to and projecting upward from the bed-plate; a bracket or plate a depending from the bedplate, near the rear margin of the same; vertical standards a and a spaced apart from each other and projecting upward from near the rear margin of the bed-plate; a pair of horizontal plates aflfixed to the vertical standards a and d extending nearly the entire length of the machine and constituting the dummy-runway, and various other projecting fixed parts which will be noted, so far as is necessary, in connection with the description of the other operative parts.

Bearings for shafts and similar minor supporting parts, which are necessarily implied and the construction of which is well understood, will not be specifically designated by reference-letters, except when desirable to facilitate the location of some operative part.

The driving-shafts, (see Figs. 1, 2, and 3. A con stantly-runnin g power-shaft h is located at the rear left corner of the machine, extending lengthwise of the bed-plate, and is provided with a grooved driving-pulley b and balanced wheel b This shaft Z) is provided also with a worm b An auxiliary movement-shaft c is arranged at right angles to the power-shaft, near the left en (1 of the machine, and is provided with a loose worm-gear c, which is constantly in engagement with the worm b of the powershaft. The loose wormrgear c has ratchetteeth 011 its rear face, with which constantly tends to engage a spring-pawl c pivoted in a slot of the auxiliary shaft. Hence whenever this pawl is permitted to engage with the ratchet-teeth on the worm-gear the auxiliary shaft will be driven by the gear. The pawl c is normally held out of engagement away from the ratchet-teeth of the worm-gear by a pivoted wedge-faced spring-held trip-block c, Fig. 6. This trip-block is drawn down at will to throw the auxiliary shaft into action by connections extending over suitable guide-sheaves to a starting-key 0 located on the bed-plate to the left of the keyboard proper. The wedge-face on the said tripblock 0 cooperates with the tail end of the pawl c to disengage the free end of the pawl from the ratchet-teeth of the worm-gear when ever the said shaft has made a complete revolution.

The primary selling devices, (see Figs. 1 to 11. )'lhepower-shaft b has secured thereto at a point to the right of the auxiliary shaft a driving-sheave d, which is connected by a belt cl with a sheave (Z on the left end of a horizontal]y-arranged setting-shaft (i located in suitable bearings below the bed-plate. The said belt is held under the proper tension by a belt-tightener d 1 The relative sizes of the driving-sheave (Z and the driven sheave d are such as to multiply the speed from the powershaft and move the setting shaft (Z when it is released at. a very high rate of speed.

This setting-shaft (Z is, however, normally held from turning by a rigid stop-arm d thereon, the free end of which normally engages with a shoulder of a pivoted stop-lever d Figs. 4 and 5. The latch-head d of a triprod d works through a slot in the lower end of the stop-lever d and is normally held in its uppermost position and in engagement with the rear face of the said stop-lever bya spring (Z At its forward end the trip-rod cl is connected to a crank-arm d on an idleshaft 01 which has a pair of crank'arms 61 connected by rods d with a common bailbar al held down by spring CZ and overlying the rear portions of all the key-levers 61 Fig. 7. The hub of the pivoted stop-lever d has formed integral therewith a returning arm (1", which is of curved form and lies in a different vertical plane from the said stoplever. The hub of the stop-arm (Z6 has formed integral therewith a segmental cam-disk (Z in position for action on the free end of the returning arm d". Normally these parts stand as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and the driving-belt d slips over the sheave (F, but whenever a key is struck the trip-rod d and the stop-lever d are drawn toward the front, permitting the stop-arm and setting-shaft to escape and make a complete revolution, when they will be again intercepted and positively stopped. This is insured as follows: /Vhen the stoparin (Z is released, it strikes on its downward movement the projecting end of the latch-head d unlatching the same from the stop-lever d leaving the said stop-lever free to return to its normal position, regardless of the position of the key-lever. Immediately thereafter and before the stop-arm and setting-shaft make a complete turn the cam-disk (1. will strike the free end of the returning-arm (Z and positively force the stop-lever (1 back into its normal position to intercept the stop-arm cl. \Vhen the key is released, it returns to its normal position, allowing the spri ngpressed bail-bar d to lower and throw the trip-rod (Z and the latch-head 61 toward the rear into its normal position into engagement with the lower end of the stop-lever (2 The key-levers 61 have at their forward ends fin ger-pieces (1, the stems of which work through vertical holes in the bed-plate and the key-box d The key-levers rest on a knife-edge fulcrum (Z and are heaviest at their rear ends, so that they will remain in their normal positions by gravity.

The key'levers have attached to their rear portions downwardly-extended crankarms (W, to which are pivotally attached key-rods (Z The free ends of these rods work through notches of a guide plate or comb (Z Figs. 0, 7, and 11, and in position to enter holes of 

